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  Properties
Category PFM
Nobility Noble
Melting Range 2030°F to 2210°F
Coef. of Thermal Expansion
   from 25°C to 500°C
   from 25°C to 600°C
13.5x10-6K-1
13.9x10-6K-1
Density 10.7 g/cm3
Grain Size 10 microns
Hardness 305 HV
Tensile Elongation 32%
Tensile Yield Strength 106,210 psi
Ultimate Tensile Strength 134,000 psi
Chemistry
Palladium 78% Copper 10%
Gallium 7% Indium 4%
Zinc less than 1% Ruthenium less than 1%

Waxing / Spruing

 .3mm for single units and .5mm for bridge work.
Investment
 Use a phosphate-bonded carbon free investment.
Burnout
 1450°F (785°C)
Melting / Casting
One extra wind of the casting arm is required (3-4 winds typical)
Multi-orifice torch: 10 psi fuel and 20 psi oxygen.
Cast at around 2300°F (1260°C)
Finishing
 Finish with carbides or aluminum oxide stones. Blast porcelain receiving surface with non-recycled aluminum oxide. Clean in ultrasonic for 10 minutes.
Conditioning
 Oxidize from 1200°F (650°C) to 1850°F (1010°C) under vacuum. Bench cool, and proceed with normal opaque technique.
Pre-solder
 Recommended solder: Spirit, LX
Flux-Brown Fluoride
Post-solder
 Recommended solder: 1400
Flux-Brown Fluoride