CLEAR TRANSLUCENT (CL-O)
The Creation kit contains one clear translucent powder, CL-O. While the use of clear porcelain can add to the beauty of a restoration, it should be used with caution. For example, CL-O applied to the interproximal area will allow too much light to transmit into the mouth. When used as an overlay or in segments in the incisal area, it can help create a more translucent and vital crown. However, if too much is used, the crown will be lower in value and will not look natural.

CRACK LINER
Crack Liner is a unique powder in the Make Up Kit. It was developed specifically to simulate a crack or check-line found naturally in a tooth.

Crackliner should be mixed with the Universal Liquid (UL) to a very thin consistency. To apply Crack Liner, you must build a vertical "wall" of Enamel perpendicular to the labial surface of the Enamel. It's important that this wall be very wet to prevent the Crack Liner from being absorbed by the Enamel. This would result in a washed out crack or a milky stripe in the porcelain after firing.

Using the Make-Up brush, saturate the bristles with UL. Using one side of the flattened brush, draw the brush tip through the Crack Liner. Be careful not to pick up too much; the smaller the amount used, the subtler the crack will appear. If a darker crack is desired, add a little Make Up stain or In Nova to the Crack Liner. Another mass of enamel can be used to "sandwich" the Crack Liner.

The intensity of the crack can be controlled by the choice of enamels used with Crack Liner. If a faint check line is desired, use a more opacious enamel like S-59 or SI-04. If a more intense crack is desired, use a more translucent enamel like TI-4 or CL-O.

DENTIN
The Creation kit's Dentin shades, A-1 through D-4, perfectly match the Vita Lumin® shade guide. They do, however, have a higher chroma than some other brands of porcelain. They are also less translucent than other systems in order to maintain the value. This gives the technician freedom to use more translucent materials over the body, which provides vitality and depth.

Moreover, because of the higher chroma and greater opacity of Creation's Dentin powders, you can work with a thinner layer of material. This is an advantage when there's minimal reduction on a restoration. When possible, use between 0.5mm and 0.7mm of Dentin. Experience will dictate when and where to modify the thickness.

ENAMELS
The Creation kit comes with four standard enamels: S-57, S-58, S-59, and S-60. Each has a different value ranging from white to gray. They can be used in various concentrations to achieve different effects

S-57 - Highest Value (Whitest)

S-58 - High Value

S-59 - Medium Value

S-60 - Lowest Value (Very gray)

Understanding the concept of value offers a choice regarding which enamel to use in different situations. For example, S-57 (highest value) can be used on the ridges or cusp tips of a restoration to brighten the area. Another would be to use S-60 (lowest value) on a light shade like A-2, which would create a gray incisal effect. (Experience dictates which enamels are appropriate to achieve various effects.)

FÜLL OPAQUE
(Fill Opaque)

Creation's Füll Opaque is used to fill hollow pontics. It should be used as follows:

	Use Creation Opaque Liquid with Füll Opaque
	Vibrate into hollow pontic
	If possible, cut the condensed material to control shrinkage towards the framework
	Fire first application according to your first opaque cycle
	Fire a second application (to fill in shrinkage) according to your second opaque cycle
	Apply either Creapast or Creation powder opaques over framework as usual

GLAZE POWDER (GL)
To achieve the ultimate result during the glaze bake, it is recommended that the restoration be given a low natural glaze.  We recommend that it be polished with pumice and a felt wheel. Brass polish may be added to increase the luster and translucency.

There are times, however, when a surface glaze powder can be used.  The Creation kit contains one bottle of Glaze Powder.  Using the Glaze Powder as a carrying agent mixed with stains will allow the stains to fuse slightly below the finished surface of the crown. This will prevent the stains from wearing off during polishing.

Mixing the Glaze Powder with Dentin or Enamel will also reduce the temperature at which these powders fire. Using 5% to 15% of Glaze Powder should reduce the overall temperature enough to allow for fusion of an add-on during the glaze cycle. For example, adding onto a contact can be achieved by mixing 10% Glaze Powder to Enamel S-59 to create an add-on mixture.

ILLUSION
Illusion, found in the Make Up kit, is not a surface stain, but a modifier that can be used to help lower the value of a restoration. Illusion was named because of its ability to create the "illusion of depth" to help solve the following problem:

Often, there is insufficient reduction in the incisal one-third of an anterior tooth. This creates a problem since the coping may not be covered enough to fully hide the opaque. Thus, the opaque "shines through" the Dentin and Enamel, raising the value of a restoration. The use of Illusion in this area will reduce the value enough to make the ceramic look translucent.

To apply Illusion, it must be first mixed with Universal Liquid (UL). By mixing the powder with UL, it will be easier to perceive the amount and intensity of the powder before it's fired. Illusion is typically applied after the Dentin cutback.  Dab a very small amount of the powder at the incisal one-third -- the area at the top of the coping and toward the incisal. Be careful. You should see a very, faint violet/gray hue. If you see a dark violet color, you've used too much.

Illusion is the lowest maturing material in the Creation system. If too much is applied, it will crack or tear at firing. If used correctly, it can enhance your ability to create restorations with perceived depth.

IN NOVA
In Nova is unique. It's not a stain or tint, but a modifier with fluorescence. In Nova powders are the most fluorescent materials in the Creation system. The In Nova kit consists of ten different shades:

In Nova helps solve a common problem technicians face: All porcelains are manufactured from metal oxides. These oxides block light from transmitting into the porcelain, casting a shadow on everything they cover. In Nova solves this problem. In Nova's high level of fluorescence compensates for shadowing. The material can be used with any of the Creation powders, including the Shoulder Porcelains, Dentins, or Enamels. But be careful, the material is very intense.

In Nova should not be used with or on the opaque layers, since this might result in the framework showing through in high UV light conditions. It is not a surface stain either; it is for internal use only.

In Nova should be mixed with Universal Liquid or In Nova liquid to a thick consistency and applied straight to the build up, as in the "wet stain" technique. This method, however, while effective, can lead to very intense coloring. At first, it's best to mix a very small amount of the In Nova powder to the powder of choice, (i.e. Dentin or Enamel). Start with about 5% In Nova for subtle coloring. Mix thoroughly and apply to the areas where more chroma is needed. If the mixture is applied very wet there will be a softer dispersion of color.

MAKE IN POWDERS (MI)
Make-In powders were developed primarily to create mamelon effects in the incisal area of anterior teeth. There are six different Make-In powders:

These powders are high in opacity and chroma. Therefore, it's best to dilute the Make-Ins with Dentin at a ratio of one-to-one. Mix the Make-In powder with the Universal liquid to more easily perceive its color and intensity during application. A very thin wash underneath the Enamel layer will create the desired effect. If the mamelon is too strong, use less of the mixture or dilute it with more Dentin. In Nova powders can also be mixed with the Make-In to enhance the vibrancy of the mamelons.

MAKE UP
There are two types of Make Up stains: MU/Ls and MU/Ms. The six MU/M shades are rather intense. They are surface stains that can simulate tartar or plaque and should not be used internally. Because of their larger grain size after firing, they should not be used at or near the gingival margin.

MU/L stains are less intense than MU/Ms. They are referred to as "watercolor stains." Because of the grain size and subtle colors, these powders are ideal for use both internally to modify a build-up, and externally for shade adjustments before the Glaze bake. There are thirteen different MU/L watercolor shades.

MODIFYING TRANSLUCENTS: NT & OT
In addition to CL-O, two other translucent powders in the Creation system that are very popular are NT and OT. These can be used individually or in combination with other Enamels to achieve various effects.

Neutral Translucent (NT)
Neutral translucent is, as its name suggests, a translucent material. It can be used by itself to create a brighter translucent effect or mixed with other enamels at different ratios to make those enamels more translucent. For example, 80% S-58 mixed with 20% NT will create a bright enamel with increased translucency.

Opalescent Translucent (OT)
OT can help create a natural-looking opalescent effect. Opalescence is one phenomenon of light. Generally, we notice this effect in the incisal area of a tooth. Since the blue tones are the colors reflected in opalescence, OT should not be used as an overlay. This could lead to a lowering of a crown's value. A small amount of OT may be used on the mesial and distal incisal edges to create vitality.

The powders increase in chroma from PS-0 to PS-3. The hue is a warm yellowish-orange, very similar to the hue of the SI powders.

	PS-0 is very white, even more so than TI-02, with little or no perceptible hue.
	PS-1 appears slightly tinted with the yellow-orange hue when viewed against a white background. A very, very slight blue color is perceived when viewed against a dark background, which is demonstrative of the strong opalescence of these powders. PS-1 is still very high value, although not as high as PS-0.
	PS-2 and PS-3 are continuations of this theme: Increasing chroma, decreasing value. PS-2 is close to SI-02 in chroma, and PS-3 is closer to SI-04. Again, the translucency of the PS powders appears to be less than the SIs.

Willi Geller and Oral Design has provided the following guidelines for use:

	Use Pearl Enamels to raise value on bright shades.
	Use to highlight mesial and distal line angles.
	Use to frost occlusal ridges.
	Can be used as a thin overlay or underlay.

Jensen Technical Service recommends the following:

	These powders are deceptively low in translucency. Overlaying can mask internal build-up details if you're not careful.
	They can be mixed with other powders to adjust color or translucency. PS-0 and PS-1 mix well with OT, while PS-2 and PS-3 mix well with NT.
	The opalescent effect is very strong in these powders! Obtain or make shade tabs before you use them. The color varies markedly with varying amounts of back-reflected light. For example, against white, these powders are easily distinguishable from one another. However, PS-2 against black looks like PS-1 against white. PS-3 against black looks like PS-2 against white.
	Use PS-0 with super bright shades like California White. Use PS-1 with bright Vita shades that call for S-57 and S-58. Use PS-2 with less bright shades that call for S-59. S-60 is grayer than any of the PS powders.
	There are no special firing or handling requirements for Pearl Enamels.

SHOULDER PORCELAIN (SP)
Creation Shoulder Porcelain (SP) has a unique fiber optic effect that helps transmit light around the circumference of a crown. This effect, along with the inherent fluorescence of the Shoulder powders, sets them apart from other brands. There are nine different Shoulder Porcelains that can be mixed in various combinations to match a patient's shade.

Creation shoulder material also differs from other brands because of its two-layer system. At times, when fabricating a porcelain margin, a distinct line will be evident at the metal junction. This often happens when the shoulder material is too translucent. To overcome this, the first layer is built with Creation's opacious SPs. The opacious shades are necessary for reflecting light to provide value to the shoulder instead of passing the light through, only to be lost in the underlying tooth. This layer forms a gradual transition of opacity from the coping to the natural tooth, and so prevents the appearance of the metal junction.

The second layer is built with the translucent shoulder shades. This layer will provide the translucency necessary to create the appearance of depth and will also blend smoothly with the shade of the natural tooth.

OPACIOUS SHOULDER PORCELAINS

	SP-27 Ivory
	SP-28 Opaque Yellow
	SP-29 Honey

TRANSLUCENT SHOULDER PORCELAINS

	SP-21 Neutral
	SP-22 Flamingo
	SP-23 Sand
	SP-24 Gold
	SP-25 Brown Red
	SP-26 Yellow Grey

The following table is a guide for shade matching.

FINAL MARGIN CORRECTION

After repeated firing of Shoulder Porcelain material there will be some shrinkage at the margin. This can be corrected at the second Dentin bake and again at the Glaze bake to achieve an excellent fit. Because the shoulder powders mature at a higher temperature than these two bakes, it is necessary to work with a powder that has a lower firing temperature at this point, i.e., Neck Translucents (HTs).

Seventy percent HT combined with 30% Shoulder Porcelain is an ideal blend for final margin correction.  Applying this material very "wet" allows it to flow into the areas around the margin that need to be filled. After removing the excess moisture, the crown can then be removed from the die and add-ons completed as necessary. Fire at the recommended correction or Glaze temperature.

SI/TI MODIFIED ENAMELS AND TRANSLUCENTS
The SI and TI incisal powders complement the standard Creation Enamels S-57 to S-60. These unique powders have opalescent characteristics and are more vital looking in the mouth than the standard Enamels. They can be used straight or mixed with the basic Enamels to create all the subtle variations seen in teeth.

SIs: Powders in the SI family are similar to the basic Enamels regarding their level of opacity (the ability to reflect light). There are six SI powders each with a certain "level" of color. The hue expressed in all the SI enamels is a warm tone of yellow/orange. Their opacity remains constant while their chroma increases. For example, SI-01 has less chroma than SI-

SI-01 (Less chroma. The highest value or brightest of the SIs.)

SI-02

SI-03 (Medium chroma. Medium value expressed.)

SI-04

SI-05

SI-06 (High chroma. The lowest value or grayest of the SIs.)

Remember, as the chroma increases, the value decreases. You might use SI-01 on a ridge or cusp tip to create a bright area and one that also has some warmth or vitality. To contrast, SI-06 might be used on an older person's occlusal surface to more naturally simulate the dark surrounding enamel.

TIs: Translucent Incisals (TIs) can be used straight or mixed with other Enamels. There are five TI powders. They differ from the SIs in two ways. First, TIs are more translucent than SIs and thus allow more light to transmit through the crown. Secondly, while the SIs basically have the same hue each TI has its own respective color.

TI-1 Translucent Blue

TI-2 Translucent White

TI-3 Translucent Pink

TI-4 Translucent Yellow

TI-5 Translucent Gray

TI-1 is used at the mesial and distal incisal edges of an anterior restoration to create a soft translucent blue effect (opalescence) often seen in natural dentition.

TI-2 may be used to highlight cusp tips or ridges in the posterior to give the bright "frosted" look sometimes seen in teeth. It also works to highlight the mesial and distal line angles of an anterior tooth. Generally, it is best to put a thin layer of TI-2 between the Dentin and Enamel to achieve a more subtle effect.  TI-2 is less transparent than other TIs.

TI-3, with its soft translucent pink color, works well when used at the cervical area to help create the reddish tones often seen in younger patients' teeth. Its unique coloring helps blend the crown with the tissue.

TI-4 is a beautiful color that works well in almost any restoration. Used straight on the lingual aspect of posterior teeth, it creates a warm translucent color, making the crown come alive in the mouth. When mixed with CL-O, it makes an excellent overlay powder to cover Enamel or the labial surface of an anterior crown. This one powder can be used almost universally throughout any build-up.

TI-5 has the lowest value of all the Creation enamels. Replicate dark translucency from amalgam fillings and/or amalgam staining. It can be used to achieve low value (dark or grey) translucency for low value shades such as A4, C3, and C4. Place a thin wash of TI-5 beside Creation's Crackliner to create more three-dimensional cracklines.

TISSUE COLORED PORCELAINS

There are five components of the Creation system that help simulate soft tissue. These are:

	ZF Creapast - Used to modify the opaque to a color similar to soft tissue. This is a paste opaque that can be used straight out of the tube or mixed with other pastes. Fire to normal Creapast firing cycles.
	ZOM Powder opaque modifier - Used to modify the opaque to a color similar to soft tissue. This is a powder material that should be mixed with regular powder opaque prior to application. Mix with Opaque Liquid and fire to normal powder opaque firing cycles.   (ZOM Powder Opaque Modifier is not included in the Creation kit.  The powder is available in the Opaque Modifier kit.
	ZPF Shoulder porcelain - Used to simulate soft tissue in cases where it is desirable to build and fire the gingival simulation before building the tooth components of the restoration. Applications include porcelain shoulders on patients with a receded gumline, gingival areas of pontics, and gingival areas of implant frameworks where there is tissue resorption. Mix with Shoulder Liquid and fire to Shoulder Firing cycles. It can be modified with In Nova, and corrected on the glaze cycle using the standard mix of 70% HT (recommend HT55) to 30% ZPF.
	Hellrosa Dentin powder - Used to simulate soft tissue on cases where it is desirable to build and fire the gingival simulation after or while building the tooth components of the restoration. Applications include gingival areas of pontics, interproximal areas of bridges for patients with receded gumlines, and gingival areas of implant frameworks when there is tissue resorption. Mix with Modeling Liquid and fire to 1st and /or 2nd dentin cycles. Can be cut with HT or GL for correction-glaze firings.
	Dunkelrosa Dentin powder - Bascially the same powder as Hellrosa, but darker. Hellrosa and Dunkelrosa can be mixed in any proportion to match individual tissue colors. Both Hellrosa and Dunkelrosa can be modified with In Nova.